Polyglutamic Acid (PGA)

Product Description

Polyglutamic Acid (PGA) is a potent, water-soluble biopolymer derived via microbial fermentation (typically Bacillus subtilis). Emerging as a superior alternative to Hyaluronic Acid (HA), PGA boasts a unique molecular structure that allows it to hold up to 5,000 times its weight in water. However, its value to formulators extends beyond hydration. Unlike HA, which can feel tacky, PGA forms a smooth, breathable, and non-occlusive film on the skin's surface, offering a luxurious, silky sensory profile often described as "glass skin." Furthermore, it acts as a biological shield by inhibiting the activity of hyaluronidase, thereby protecting the skin's natural HA reserves from degradation. This dual action of external moisturizing and internal protection makes it a strategic ingredient for premium anti-aging and hydration lines.

Product Uses

PGA is a versatile active suitable for a wide array of cosmetic applications. It is predominantly used in high-efficacy hydrating serums and essences where a "non-sticky" after-feel is required. Due to its excellent film-forming properties, it is an ideal addition to sheet masks and sleeping packs to lock in moisture and active ingredients. In color cosmetics, PGA improves the spreadability of foundations and primers while preventing cakey textures caused by dehydration. It is also gaining traction in hair care; when added to conditioners or leave-in treatments, it coats the hair shaft to reduce friction, prevent breakage, and enhance shine, offering a natural alternative to silicones for color-treated or damaged hair.

Formulation Suggestions

Polyglutamic Acid is highly user-friendly and compatible with most cosmetic ingredients. It is water-soluble and should be added to the aqueous phase. Unlike some polymers that are sensitive to ions, PGA maintains good stability in the presence of electrolytes, making it easier to formulate than Carbomer. It is heat stable and can be added before or after heating, though adding it below 60°C is generally recommended to preserve maximum bioactivity. It works synergistically with Hyaluronic Acid; combining high molecular weight PGA with low molecular weight HA creates a multi-dimensional hydration system. The recommended usage level is typically 0.1% to 1.0%. Our recommendations are for reference only; please follow the advice of your formulator for actual production.

Product Specification

• INCI Name: Polyglutamic Acid
• Synonyms: Gamma-PGA, γ-PGA, Natto Gum
• CAS No.: 25513-46-6
• Molecular Formula: (C₅H₇NO₃)_n
• Appearance: White to off-white powder
• Purity: ≥98% (or >92% depending on grade)
• Solubility: Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol and oils.
• Stability: Stable over a wide pH range (4.0-10.0) and resistant to heat.
• Properties: Super-hydrator, Film-former, Non-tacky, Hyaluronidase Inhibitor
• Origin: China